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Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the effect of vitamin supplementation
Svetlana Emelianova, Paolo Mazzotta, Adrienne Einarson, Gideon Koren
Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: State of the Art 2000 Conference
Nausea, vomiting and nutrition in pregnancy
Glenda Lindseth, Marlene Buchner, Patti Vari, April Gustafson
Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: State of the Art 2000 Conference
Clinical undernutrition states and their influence on taste.
Davidson HI, Pattison RM, Richardson RA.
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 1998 Nov;57(4):633-8.
The nutritional status and treatment of patients with hyperemesis
gravidarum.
van Stuijvenberg ME, Schabort I, Labadarios D, Nel JT. Department of Human Nutrition, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1995 May;172(5):1585-91
This was a descriptive, controlled study of 20 patients with hyperemesis
gravidarum whose nutritional status was assessed and compared with that of
20 pregnant, nonvomiting matched controls. Blood nutrient status was
reassessed after 10 days of treatment with an intravenous saline solution
containing a multivitamin preparation and again at day 20. Mean dietary
intake of most nutrients fell below 50% of the recommended dietary
allowances and differed significantly (p < 0.01) from that of controls. More
than 60% of the patients had suboptimal biochemical status of thiamine,
riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin A, and retinol-binding protein. Vitamin C,
calcium, albumin, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values were significantly
higher in those patients where the duration of vomiting had been longer,
suggesting the presence of dehydration. Treatment was associated with
cessation of vomiting and improvement in blood nutrient status. The
hyperemetic pregnant patient is at nutritional risk; prompt initiation of
corrective therapy is recommended.
Decline of taste sensitivity in protein deficient adult rats.
Ohara I, Tabuchi R, Kimura M, Itokawa Y. Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kobe Women's University, Japan.
Physiology & Behavior 1995 May;57(5):921-6.
The influence of dietary protein levels on taste sensitivity was studied in
adult rats. Protein free diet group showed significantly lower taste
sensitivity and renal reabsorption rate than other protein containing diet
groups, while serum zinc and creatinine concentrations, and creatinine
clearance were not affected by dietary protein level. Degeneration of
filiform papillae and imperforation of taste pore of fungiform papillae were
observed in protein free diet group. This experiment implies at least 2.5%
dietary protein is required to manifest normal taste function in the adult.
[Studies on hypogeusia in hyperemesis gravidarum]
Mizumoto Y, Okuyama T, Endo R, Nakajima H, Hiramatsu H, Horie M, Masuda H, Kobayashi S, Saeki H, Abe M. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SDF Central Hospital, Tokyo.
Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi 1994 Jan;46(1):35-41 [Article in Japanese]
We measured changes in gustatory sensitivities and gustation threshold
levels and those of some trace elements, vitamin E and lipids in the serum
of 38 patients suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum, 12 normal pregnant
women in the first trimester and 22 healthy non-pregnant women by means of
filter discs and an electrogusto meter (EGM) and we obtained the following
results. 1. Gustatory sensitivity to sweetness was found to be significantly
lowered in the patients with hyperemesis gravidarum when tested with filter
discs (p < 0.05). 2. Gustation threshold levels were significantly lowered
in the patients with hyperemesis gravidarum and the normal pregnant women
tested with the EGM (p < 0.01). 3. There was considerable heterogeusia of
women in the patients with hyperemesis gravidarum (p < 0.05). 4. Zn and Mg
in serum decreased (p < 0.01), but Cu increased significantly in the
patients with hyperemesis gravidarum and the normal pregnant women (p <
0.01). 5. Total cholesterol and phospholipid in serum significantly
decreased, but lipid peroxide in serum significantly increased in the
patients with hyperemesis gravidarum (p < 0.01). These results suggested
that the gustatory test was helpful in investigating hyperemesis gravidarum
and that biological defense systems (scavenger systems) to free radicals
were damaged in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum.
Hyperemesis gravidarum.
Abell TL, Riely CA.
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 1992;21:835-49
HG may be related to nutritional deficiencies such as pyridoxine and zinc.
Vitamin B6 is effective therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: A
randomized, double-blind placebo controlled study.
Sahakisn V, Rouse D, Sipes S, et al.
Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991;78:33-6.
Vitamin B6 deficiency may contribute to HG. In a randomized, double-blind
placebo-controlled study of hyperemetic pregnant women, pyridoxine 25 mg
every 8 hours significantly reduced vomiting.
[The importance of calcium imbalance in hyperemesis gravidarum]
Slavov I, Chapkunov P.
Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 1973;12(5):394-9 [Article in Bulgarian]
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